Light and Darkness

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Light and Darkness

Yes, there are some interesting things here…

As members of the body of Messiah Yeshua (Eph.5:30), those that trust in Jesus Christ hopefully see the Truth and Light (Yeshua, Jn.8:12; 14:6) "in black and white", and that is good (Lev. 10:10; 1Cor.13:11). We likely see some things grey, yet also often appreciate that there is a full spectrum of Light (1Cor.13:12), which includes things seen and things unseen (beyond the visible spectrum).

1 John 1:5 And the message which we-have-heard-and-still-hear from him and we-are-telling to-YOU is this, that the God is light and in him it-is not dark, not-one (bit).

Only in the Light of Yeshua/Jesus, we may consider the different "darknesses"...

Gen 1:1 (ASV) In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.

2 And the earth was waste and void; and darkness (חֹשֶׁךְ choshek) was upon the face of the deep: and the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters

3 And God said, Let there be light: and there was light.

4 And God saw the light, that it was good: and God divided [וַיַּבְדֵּל –b’dayl] the light from the darkness (חֹשֶׁךְ choshek).

5 And God called the light Day, and the darkness (חֹשֶׁךְ choshek ) he called Night. And there was evening and there was morning, one (אֶחָד 'echad) day (יוֹם yowm).

God made the sun and moon…for another (further?) division of light and darkness…

Genesis 1:18 and to rule over the day (יוֹם yowm) and over the night (לַּיְלָה lay’lah), and to divide (וּֽלֲהַבְדִּיל) the light (אוֹר owr) from the darkness (חֹשֶׁךְ choshek): and God saw that it was good.

And different types of Clouds…

Psa 18:11 (ASV) He made darkness (חֹשֶׁךְ choshek) his hiding-place, his pavilion round about him, Darkness(חֲשֵׁכָה chashekah) of waters, thick clouds (עָבֵי avey) of the skies.

Deu 4:11 (ASV) And ye came near and stood under the mountain; and the mountain burned with fire unto the heart of heaven, with darkness (חֹשֶׁךְ choshek), cloud (עָנָן anan)[i.e. the glory cloud], and thick darkness(עֲרָפֶל `araphel).

Ex. 20:21 (ASV)" And the people stood afar off, and Moses drew near unto the thick darkness (עֲרָפֶל `araphel) where God was"

Psa 139:11 (ESV) If I say, “Surely the darkness (חֹשֶׁךְ choshek) shall cover me, and the light about me be night,”

Psa 139:12 (ESV) "even the darkness (חֹשֶׁךְ choshek) is not dark (חֹשֶׁךְ choshek) to you; the night is bright as the day, for darkness (חֲשֵׁכָה chashekah) is as light with you.

Genesis 1:5 And God called the light Day, and the darkness (חֹשֶׁךְ choshek) he called Night. And there was (וַֽיְהִי־) evening (עֶרֶב erev) and there was morning, one (אֶחָד echad) day.

Note: after the separation, of Day/Light & Night/Darkness, there was an "echad" - ONE day which had evening and morning. This is not to say that darkness and light are in unity, although Gen.1:4 might be taken that direction. Rather, with good caution, we might see that “Darkness” and “Light” would appear to be part of this unity (echad) of ONE day only in that God’s light mercifully even shines in the darkness. Gen. 1:5 equates the night with the darkness, and so indeed one 24hr day has day and night, light and darkness, morning and evening.

Compare הָֽעַרְבַּיִם בֵּין – bayn ha-areb-ba -yim “between the two evenings”, which also appears to include the darkness and light.

Exodus 16:12 I have heard the murmurings of the children of Israel: speak unto them, saying, At even (הָֽעַרְבַּיִם -ha areb ba yim) ye shall eat flesh, and in the morning ye shall be filled with bread: and ye shall know that I am Jehovah your God.

Exodus 30:7 And Aaron shall burn thereon incense of sweet spices: every morning, when he dresseth (עֲלֹת ah-lōt) the lamps, he shall burn it.

8 And when Aaron lighteth (עֲלֹת ah-lōt) the lamps at even (הָֽעַרְבַּיִם -ha areb ba yim), he shall burn it, a perpetual incense before Jehovah throughout your generations.

Note that “dresseth” and “lighteth” are from the same hebrew word עֲלֹת ah-lōt, (Strong’s H5927). Aaron was doing the same thing to the menorah in the morning and evening. As perpetual incense, obviously it burned through day and night.

Leviticus 23:27 Howbeit on the tenth day of this seventh month is the day of atonement: it shall be a holy convocation unto you, and ye shall afflict your souls; and ye shall offer an offering made by fire unto Jehovah.

Lev 23:32 It shall be unto you a sabbath of solemn rest, and ye shall afflict your souls: in the ninth day of the month at even (עֶרֶב erev), from even (עֶרֶב erev) unto even (עֶרֶב erev), shall ye keep your sabbath.

So then this establishes one 24hr day being from one sunset evening to the next sunset evening, just as the weekly Sabbath lasts “between the evenings”. Perhaps this will help us better understand the timing of Yeshua’s last Passover Seder.

Exodus 20:21 And the people stood afar off, and Moses drew near unto the thick darkness (עֲרָפֶל araphel) where God was.

Deuteronomy 5:22 "These words Jehovah spake unto all your assembly in the mount out of the midst of the fire, of the cloud (הֶֽעָנָן-ha-anan), and of the thick darkness (עֲרָפֶל araphel) , with a great voice: and he added no more. And he wrote them upon two tables of stone [compare 2Cor.3:2], and gave them to me."

Note a difference between thick darkness (עֲרָפֶל araphel) and darkness (חֹשֶׁךְ choshek). The thick darkness is connected to the “glory cloud of His presence” (see Apologetics 9, The Cloud of Jehovah’s Presence: http://www.cotopaxi-colorado.com/BIBLE/MOUNT-APOLOGETICS/Apologetics-9.PDF)

Future study: compare LXX and N.T. Greek treatment of “darkness”.

2Corinthians 3:7 But if the ministry of-the death having-been-and-still-engraved in letters in stones came-to-pass with glory, so-that the sons of-Israel (were) not to-be-being-able to-stare with-reference-to the face of-Moses because-of the glory of-his face, the (glory) being-rendered-inactive,
v8 How will NOT rather the ministry of-the Spirit be with glory?
v9 For if the ministry of-the condemnation (is) glory, by-much more the ministry of-the righteousness is-exceeding in-glory.
v10 For even the (thing) having-been-and-still-glorified has not been-and-is-still not glorified in this part on-account of the surpassing glory.
v11 For if the (thing) being-rendered-inactive (is) through glory, by-much more the (thing) remaining (is) in glory.
v12 Having therefore hope such-as-this we-are-using much boldness-of-speech,
v13 And not even-as Moses was-putting (a) covering on his face, toward the sons of Israel not to-stare with-reference-to the finish of-the (thing) being-rendered-inactive.
v14 BUT their thoughts were-petrified. For until the today day the same covering is-remaining on the reading of-the old covenant, (it) not being-discovered that in Messiah it-is-being-rendered-inactive.
v15 BUT till today at-which-time Moses is-being-read (a) covering is-lying on their heart;
v16 But at-which-time if it-might-turn-around to Jehovah the covering is-being-lifted-from-around (it).
v17 But the Lord is the Spirit; but the-place-where the Spirit of-Jehovah (is), there (is) freedom.

2Corinthians 4:6 Because the God namely-the (one) having said: Out-of darkness light will-shine, who shined in our hearts toward enlightenment of-the knowledge of-the glory of-the God in (the) person of-Messiah. (Gen.1:3; Isa.58:10; Isa.60:1-6)

Isaiah 60:2 For, behold, darkness (חֹשֶׁךְ choshek) shall cover the earth, and gross darkness (עֲרָפֶל araphel) the peoples; but Jehovah will arise upon thee, and his glory shall be seen upon thee.

Matthew 4:16 The people namely-the (one) sitting in darkness saw great light, and to-the (ones) sitting in country and shadow of-death, Light rose to-them. [compare Isaiah 9:1-2; Romans 9:24-26]

Often “the people” primarily refers to Israel. The Mosaic Covenant had a diminishing glory which was a relative darkness when compared to the New Covenant. While the Torah-observant Jews under Mosaic law were indeed sitting in that darkness, in context vs.15 &16 delineate: “Galilee of the Gentiles, the people namely the one sitting in darkness” saw great light, AND to the ones sitting in country and shadow of death, light rose to them also. So it is possible to see this addressed to two groups of people, on sitting in darkness, one sitting in country. There are different ways to view this. I’m currently thinking that those sitting in darkness are Jews, and those sitting in country are Gentiles…although this order could be reversed. Isaiah 9:7 says the increase of the Messiah’s government and peace will have no end, indicating that he governs all nations.

While there is a relative darkness to the Mosaic Covenant compared to the New Covenant, the Mosaic covenant darkness does not equate to the overall darkness of the world. There was a glory to the Mosaic Covenant, after all.

Mercifully, YHVH made darkness his hiding place and a pavilion about him (Ps 18:11). New Testament Hebrew (?) Christians are called out of this darkness (1Peter 2:9-12). Further, Christians are to put off all works of the darkness (Rom.13:12).

John 8:12 Again therefore the Jesus spoke to-them, saying, I myself-am [ἐγώ εἰμι ego emi] the light of-the world; the (one) following me will by-no-means walk-around in the darkness (σκοτία skotia), BUT he-will-have the light of-the life.

Prophecy:
Genesis 2:24 Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother, and shall cleave unto his wife: and they shall be one [אֶחָד echad ] flesh.

Fulfillment: Ephesians 5:30 Because we-are members of his body.
v31 Instead-of this (a) MAN shall-leave-behind the father and the mother and he-shall-be-very-united to his wife and the two shall-be with-reference-to flesh, one.
v32 This mystery is great, but I-myself am-saying with-reference-to Messiah and with-reference-to the assembly.

Gen.1:5 Note: after the separation, Day & Night, Light & Darkness are "echad" - ONE. This may be a hopeful view...there's not any darkness in YHVH, but he makes darkness his pavilion...and let's HIS LIGHT shine forth out of darkness (2Cor.4:6)...those that are drawn to that Light (believers) are echad with YHVH Yeshua (Eph.5:30-32).

REMEMBER: EVERYTHING RELATIVE TO THE LIGHT OF YHVH IS DARKNESS .....and this includes Rabbinical Judaism. (God blinded them (Rom.11:8) and believers are NOT grafted in into the Judaism that rejects Yeshua as Messiah and YHVH.Rom.11:16-17)... although they are still YHVH'S PAVILION(!). MERCY! Rom. 11:31-36.

At the restoration of Israel, all Israel shall be saved and THEN they will be a light unto the nations:

Isaiah 1:26 And I will restore thy judges as at the first, and thy counselors as at the beginning: afterward thou shalt be called, The city of righteousness, the faithful city.

Those that trust in YHVH Yeshua see his light and yet....

1 Corinthians 13:12 For just-now we-are-looking through (a) mirror in (an) enigma, but then face to face; just-now I-am-coming-to-know out-of part, but then I-shall-come-to-know-thoroughly-for-myself according-as also I-came-to-be-known-thoroughly.
13 But at-this-instant trust, hope, charity (are) remaining, these three things; but the charity (is) (the) greater of-these.

Note that enigmas, or riddles, can be solved.

On Covenants:

Gentile believers are not grafted into an "old covenantal" means of access to YHVH (see Hebrews), but are now ONE NEW MAN:

Come as you are

Romans 3:29 "Or (is) the God of-Jews only? NOT also of-nations? Yea also of-nations"

Hebrews 8:7 "For if that first (covenant) was faultless, (a) place was not being-sought of-a-second"

Ephesians 2:8 For by-the favor YOU-are having-been-and-still-are-saved through trust; and this not out-of YOU, of-God the gift;

v9 Not out-of works, in-order-that some-one might not boast.

v10 For of-him we-are (a) thing-made having-been-created in Messiah Jesus on good works, to-which the God prepared-before (us?) in-order-that we-might-walk-around in them.

-"on" = on the works of Messiah - not "out of your own works" as per vs9

v11 On-this-account YOU-be-having-in-memory that at-one-time YOU the Gentiles in flesh, the (ones) being-said (to be) uncircumcision by the (one) being-said (to be) circumcision in flesh made-by-hand,

v12 That YOU-were in that season separate-from Messiah, having-been-and-still-alienated of-the citizenship of-the Israeli and strangers of-the covenants of-the promise, not having hope and (ones) without God in the world.

This is the now:

v13 But at-this-instant in Messiah Jesus YOU (Gentiles), the (ones) at-one-time being far (away), YOU-became near in the blood of-the Messiah.

v14 For he himself is our peace, the (one) having-made the both (places) one even having-broken-down the midst-wall of-the fencing-in, the enmity, in his flesh

-both place = the holy place and the holy of holies

v15 Having-rendered-inactive the law of-the commandments in decrees (i.e. of Jesus), in-order-that he-might-create the two in himself with-reference-to one new (quality) MAN making peace,

"the two" - Jew and Gentile

v16 And he-might-reconcile-in-full the both (Jews and Gentiles) in one body to-the God through the cross, having-killed the enmity in it;

v17 And having-come he-himself-brought-good-news, peace to-YOU to-the (ones) far and peace to-the (ones) near;

"the ones far"= gentiles, "the ones near" = Jews

v18 Because through him we-are-having the leading-near, the both in one Spirit to the Father.

v19 So therefore YOU-are no-more strangers and dwellers-abroad, BUT YOU-are fellow-citizens of-the holy-places and of-(the)-household of-the God,

v20 Having-been-built-up on the foundation of-the apostles and prophets, Messiah Jesus being chief-corner of-it,

-Romans 9:31-32 - Jesus is also the stone of stumbling

v21 In whom all building-up being-fitted-together is-growing into (a) holy sanctuary in Jehovah,

v22 in whom YOU yourselves also are-being-built-together into (a) residence of-the God in spirit.

1 Corinthians 3:16 "Are YOU not knowing absolutely that YOU are the sanctuary of the God, and the spirit of God is dwelling in YOU?"

as you were

1 Corinthians 7:17 Unless as the Lord parted to-each (one), as the God has-called-and-still-calls each (one), thus let-him-be-walking-around. And thus I-order-for-myself in all the assemblies.

v18 Was anyone called having-been-and-still-circumcised? Let-him not be-pulling-on; was anyone called in uncircumcision? Let-him not be-being circumcised.

v19 The circumcision is not-one-thing, and the uncircumcision is not-one-thing, BUT (a) keeping of-commandments of-God (is).

v20 Each (one) in the calling in-which he-was-called, in this let-him-be-remaining.

v21 Were-you-called (being) (a) slave? Let-it not be-mattering to-you; BUT if you-are-being-able even to-become free, you-use (it) rather.

v22 For the slave having-been-called in Jehovah is (a) freedman of-Jehovah; and likewise the (one) having-been-called (being) free is (a) slave of Messiah.

v23 YOU-were-bought-in-the-market of-(a)-price; YOU-be not becoming slaves of-MEN.

v24 Each (one) in which (thing) he-was-called, brothers, in this let-him-be-remaining beside God.

One new man. Jews are still physically as Jews. Gentiles are still physically as Gentiles. Spiritually, they are one new man: they are members of the Body of Messiah.

Understanding: There is an ekklasia (assembly) of ethnic, national, ethnic Israel, that God called out of Egypt. Out of this, a remnant obeyed the Sinai covenant. Out of that group, there is a remnant that trusts in Jesus. [Hopefully, we could say that the initial remnant always obeyed.] Also, there is a calling out from the Gentiles of the Gentile believers, who are also (also, in addition to being called out of the nations) grafted in AMONG (Rom.11:17) the "called out of the called out Israel" (the Choice, Rom.11:7). That is, Gentile believers are NOT grafted into Israel even if it is "Torah observant" (which is remaining under the Sinai Covenant at best, and are "beloved enemies" -Ro.11:28), but rather Gentile believers are grafted in among spiritual Israel/assembly that is called out of the Sinai Covenant into a New Covenant relationship (read the book to Hebrews!) with YHVH in Yeshua [edit 7/14/2015: The "petrified" part of Israel is not necessarily broken out, and we Gentile believers are grafted in AMONG them also..BUT NOT INTO THEM. See this note on Romans ch11: www.Cotopaxi-Colorado.com\Torah-Torah-2-.htm#NOTE_THIS_LOOK_AT_ROMANS_CH11,__July,_2015]

Gentile believers are not grafted into the Sinai Covenant by means of the New Covenant --yet this is the kind of messy doctrine that many messianics follow. In the New Testament/Covenant Assembly, Ethnic Jews are still ethnic Jews, and Gentiles remain Gentiles - -that is, physically there is no change. We are given the order "As you were" in 1 Cor.7:17-24.

(Considering that the Sinai Covenant/Mosaic Judaism always allowed gentile proselytes, this grafting in of Gentiles cannot be in reference to the Sinai Covenant and ethic Israel, as this process already existed in the Old Covenant…and we have a New Covenant relationship with YHVH in Messiah. Know then that a proselyte that enters into the Judaism/Sinai Covenant is different from a Gentile grafted into the spiritual body (think of the first "Christians that were all Jews) that is called OUT of Judaism/Sinai Covenant)

Spiritually, both Jew and Gentile are created as one new man in Messiah (Eph.2:15,16) This was accomplished through the rending of the veil which is Jesus' flesh.(Eph2:14, Heb.10:19-20), which allows us to enter into His sanctuary and His rest (Heb.4:3).

Again, there is no doubt that the Body of Messiah is a great mystery.

Forever...

Jeremiah 31:31 "Behold, the days come, saith Jehovah, that I will make a NEW COVENANT [בְּרִית חֲדָשָֽׁה] with the house of Israel, and with the house of Judah: 32 not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day that I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt; which my covenant they brake, although I was a husband unto them, saith Jehovah. 33 But this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, saith Jehovah: I will put my law in their inward parts, and in their heart will I write it; and I will be their God, and they shall be my people: 34 and they shall teach no more every man his neighbor, and every man his brother, saying, Know Jehovah; for they shall all know me, from the least of them unto the greatest of them, saith Jehovah: for I will forgive their iniquity, and their sin will I remember no more." - Jer 31:31-34 ASV - 31

Ezkekiel.36: 26 A new heart also will I give you, and a new spirit will I put within you; and I will take away the stony heart out of your flesh, and I will give you a heart of flesh.
27 And I will put my Spirit within you, and cause you to walk in my statutes, and ye shall keep mine ordinances, and do them.
28 And ye shall dwell in the land that I gave to your fathers; and ye shall be my people, and I will be your God.

Understand that the Sacrifices and Offerings (which includes "ordinances/statutes" or better, "just-acts" of the Law) of the Sinai Covenant were to provide atonement for the Israelites sin of not obeying the commandments and laws of the Sinai Covenant. Without the Levitical priesthood and without the Temple/Tabernacle, there is no remedy for sin under the Mosaic Covenant. This since at least AD 70 and the destruction of the Temple. Contrast that with the New Covenant relationship in Messiah Jesus:

1Corinthians 1:30 But out-of him YOU yourselves-are in Messiah Jesus, who became wisdom to-us from God, both righteousness and holiness and redemption.

Forever....Sacrifice and Offering YOU willed NOT.

Colossians 1:13 "Who himself-delivered us out-of the authority of-the darkness and he shifted (us) into the kingdom of-the son of his charity,

"A body prepared" = Jesus, Forever the same Jesus:

Psa 40:6 Sacrifice and offering thou didst not desire; mine ears hast thou opened: burnt offering and sin offering hast thou not required.

7 Then said I, Lo, I come: in the volume of the book it is written of me,

8 I delight to do thy will, O my God: yea, thy law is within my heart.

9 I have preached righteousness in the great congregation: lo, I have not refrained my lips, O LORD, thou knowest.

10 I have not hid thy righteousness within my heart; I have declared thy faithfulness and thy salvation: I have not concealed thy lovingkindness and thy truth from the great congregation.

A BODY PREPARED

study this graphic much:

http://www.cotopaxi-colorado.com/images/Ralph-Mount/Mount-Tabernacle-Body-new-001.jpg

click image to enlarge

Exodus 27:14 The hangings for the one SIDE (כָּתֵף katheph SHOULDER) of the gate shall be fifteen cubits; their pillars three, and their sockets three.
Exodus 27:15 And for the other SIDE (כָּתֵף katheph SHOULDER) shall be hangings of fifteen cubits; their pillars three, and their sockets three.
Exodus 26:26 And thou shalt make bars of acacia wood: five for the boards of the one SIDE (צֵלָע tsela`- RIB) of the tabernacle,
Exodus 26:27 and five bars for the boards of the other SIDE(צֵלָע tsela`- RIB) of the tabernacle, and five bars for the boards of the SIDE (צֵלָע tsela`- RIB) of the tabernacle, for the hinder part (יְרֵכָה yĕrekah THIGH) westward.
Psalm 40:8 I delight to do thy will, O my God; Yea, thy law is within my heart (מֵעֶה me`ah BOWELS).

Hebrews 10:4 For (it-is) impossible (for) blood of-bulls and he-goats to-be-removing sins.

v5 On-this-account coming-in into the world he-is-saying: You-willed not sacrifice and offering, but you-yourself-rendered (a) body thoroughly-fit for-me;

v6 You-thought not well (of) total-burnt-offerings even concerning sin.

v7 Then I-said: Behold I-am-present, in (the) heading of-(a)-little-book it-has-been-written-and-is-still-written concerning me, to-do, the God, your will.

v8 More-above saying that sacrifice and offering and total-burnt-offerings even concerning sin you-willed not, nor you-thought-well (of), they-which are-being-offered according-to the law,

v9 Then he-has-said-and-is-still-saying: Behold I-am-present to-do, the God, your will. He-is-carrying-off the first in-order-that the second might-stand;

v10 In which (second) will we-are having-been-made-holy-and-are-still-holy through the offering all-at-once of-the body of-the Messiah Jesus.

v11 And on-the-one-hand every priest has-stood-and-still-stands publicly-ministering according-to (each) day and often offering the same sacrifices, they-which are never being-able to-lift sins from-around (them);

v12 He, on-the-other-hand having-offered one sacrifice in-behalf-of sins with-reference-to the perpetuity (was) seated in right (hand) of-the God,

v13 Henceforth waiting-long till his enemies might-be-placed (a) footstool of his feet.

v14 For by-one offering he-has-made-perfect-and-still-makes-perfect with-reference-to the perpetuity the (ones) being-made-holy.

v15 But the Holy Spirit also is-witnessing to-us; for after to-have-said-before-and-still-saying;

v16 This (is) the covenant which I-myself-shall-covenant with them after those days, Jehovah is saying: Giving my laws on their hearts, and on their intellects I-shall-inscribe them,

v17 And of-their sins and their *lawlessnesses I-shall by-no-means still be-mindful.

v18 But where-in-which forgiveness of-these, (there is) not-still (an) offering in-behalf-of sins.

v19 Having therefore brothers, boldness-of-speech with-reference-to the entering-in of-the holy-ones in the blood of-Jesus,

on lawlessness *[ανομιων-anomion]

note that until they (Israel) come into the New Covenant relationship with YHVH, even if "Torah observant" they are in a state of "lawlessnesses" in relation to the law of Messiah. The Levitical service, upon which all the Mosaic law was based ("rested"), did not remove their sin. It brought a way of atonement, a yearly covering of sin, but not propitiation, a permanent removal of sin.

John 7:19 Has not Moses given-and-is-still-giving to-YOU the law, and not one out-of YOU is-doing the law? Why are-YOU-seeking to-kill me?

John 3:19 speaks to the "orthodox" Jew of that day and their "worthless" works (vs20). While many Messianics today believe "lawlessness" reflects a lack of law (some say the ten commandments, some say 613), the weightier lacking is in regard to the law of Messiah. In this we often see a "lawlessness" even in those that claim they are lawful, i.e. Messianic Jews that deny the grace of God in Jesus' fulfillment of the law. That is, their lack of trust in YHVH Yeshua’s just act of sacrifice alone and their attempts at self-justification via their works of the Mosaic law makes them lawless ones in relation to the law/Torah of the New Covenant.

2 Corinthians 6:14 YOU-be not becoming being-differently-yoked to-unbelieving-(ones); for what sharing by-justice and by-lawlessness, or what participation by-light toward darkness?

Note this may also speak of the lawlessness of those that do not trust in YHVH Jesus Messiah; i.e. those that are without the law of Messiah:

Romans 8:2 "For the law of-the spirit of-the life in Messiah Jesus made me free from the law of the sin and of-the death."

Hebrews 7:11 If on-the-one-hand therefore perfectness was through the Levitical priestly-office, for upon it the people has-been-given-and-still-is given-the-law, what need still (a) different priest to-be-standing-up according-to the arrangement of-Melchisedec and (he is) to-be-being-said not according-to the arrangement of-Aaron?

That is; Upon the Levitical priesthood the law was given. No Priesthood = no law. That is, without the Levitical service - - -selah- - -there was ultimately no Yom Kippur sacrifice, no atonement.

Hebrews 7:12 For (the arrangement) of-the priestly-office being-transferred out-of necessity (a) transfer is-coming-to-pass of-law. ( see Gal 4:21-31; Romans 8:2)

Thus it remains physically impossible to keep the Sinai law since the fall of Jerusalem and destruction of the Temple in 70A.D. (It has been spiritually impossible at least since Yeshua stopped the Temple sacrifices.)

A grey area:

Note again that Gentile believers in Jesus/Yeshua are not grafted into Israel, but rather they are grafted among the remnant called out of Israel (those trusting in Yeshua/Jesus), that is the original New Testament assembly, which is the Body of Messiah/Christ.

NOTE THIS LOOK AT ROMANS CH11, July, 2015 and Jan, 2019:

There is a lot of information in Romans ch 11, and my understanding there is lacking fullness. The distinction discussed here between saying “I’m a spiritual Jew” and “I’m a seed of Abraham – thus I’m a Hebrew” may be seen as splitting hairs…A.K.A. rightly dividing/cutting-straight the Word of Truth (2Tim.2:15).

Rom.11 outlines these groups: Gentile believers and Jews, including Jewish believers, petrified/blinded Jews, and broken out Jews.

Romans 11

v1 I-am-saying therefore, (has) the God pushed-away-from-himself his people? (No!) May-it-not-come-to-pass; for I myself also am (an) Israelite, out-of seed of-Abraham, of-(the)-tribe of-Benjamin.

v2 The God (has) not pushed-away-from-himself his people whom he-came-to-know-before. Or are-YOU not knowing-absolutely what the scripture is-saying in (the history of) Elias, as he-is-interceding With-the God down-upon the Israeli?

v3 Lord, they-killed your prophets, they-demolished your altars, and-I myself-was-left-remaining alone and they-are-seeking my soul.

v4 BUT what is the divine-information saying to-him? I-have-left-behind to-myself seven-thousand men, they-who bent not knee to-the Baal.

v5 Thus therefore also in the now season (a) remnant has-come-to-pass-and-still-is of-favor according-to choice;

v6 But if by-favor, no-more out-of works, since the favor no-more is-becoming favor.

v7 What then? What Israel is-seeking-after, this it-attained not, but the choice attained; but the others were-petrified,

v8 Even-as it-has-been-and-is-still-written: The God gave to-them (a) spirit of-compunction, eyes not to-be-looking and ears not to-be-hearing, till of-the today day.

v9 And David is-saying: Let their table become into (a) snare and into (a) hunting and into (an) entrapment and into (a) repayment for-them,

v10 Let their eyes be-made-dark (so as) not to-be-looking, and you-bend-completely their back through every-(thing).

v11 I-am-saying therefore, (Have) they-slipped in-order-that they-might-fall? (No!) May-it not come-to-pass; BUT by their offence the salvation to-the Gentiles, with-reference-to to-provoke them to-jealousy.

v12 But if their offence (is) riches of-(a)-world and their inferiority (is) riches of-nations, in-how-much more their fulness.

v13 But I-am-saying to-YOU to-the Gentiles; On as-much-as on-the-one-hand therefore I myself-am (an) apostle of-nations, I-am-glorifying my ministry,

v14 If-by-any-means I-shall-provoke-to-jealousy of-my flesh and I-might-save some out-of them.

v15 For if the casting-off of-them (is) reconciliation of-(a)-world, what the taking-near if not life out-of dead (ones)?

v16 But if the firstfruit (is) holy, also the lump; and if the root (is) holy, also the branches.

v17 But if some of the branches were-broken-out, but you being (a) wild-olive-tree yourself-were-grafted-in among [ἐν en] them and you-became (a) fellow-partner of-the root (*and?) of-the fatness of-the olive-tree,

v18 You-be not boasting-against the branches; but if you-are-boasting-against (them), you yourself-are not bearing the root BUT the root you.

v19 You-will-say therefore: Branches were-broken-out in-order-that I myself-might-be-grafted-in.

v20 Rightly: they-were-broken-out by-the distrust, but you yourself-have-stood-and-still-are-standing by-the trust. You-be not having-an-opinion-of high-things, BUT you-be-fearing-for-yourself;

v21 For if the God spared not of-the branches according-to nature, neither will-he-spare of-you.

v22 See therefore graciousness and severity of-God: on-the-one-hand on the (ones) having-fallen severity, on-the-other-hand on you graciousness of God, if you-might-continue in-the graciousness, since you yourself also will-be-chopped-away,

v23 But also-those, if they-might not continue in-the distrust, they-will-be-grafted-in; for the God is powerful to-graft them in again.

v24 For if you yourself-were-chopped-away out-of the wild-olive-tree according-to nature and from nature you-were-grafted-in [ενεκεντρισθης] into [εἰς eis] (a) cultivated-olive, by-how-much rather these, the (ones) according-to nature, will-be-grafted-in [εγκεντρισθησονται] to-their-own olive-tree.

v25 For I-am not willing (for) YOU to-be-being-ignorant brothers, (of) this mystery, in-order that YOU-might not be prudent in yourselves, that petrifaction has-come-to-pass-and-still-is from part to-the Israeli, until of-which (time) the fulness of-the Gentiles might-come-in,

v26 And thus all Israel will-be-saved, according-as it-has-been-and-still-is-written: The (one) delivering will-be-present out-of Sion, he-will-turn-back impiety from Jacob.

v27 And this (is) the covenant from me to-them, at-the-time-that I-might-remove-for-myself their sins.

v28 On-the-one-hand enemies according-to the good-news because-of YOU, on-the-other-hand cherished (ones) according-to the choice because-of the fathers;

v29 For the bestowed-favors and the calling of-the God (are) unregrettable.

v30 For as-altogether YOU yourselves at-one-time disobeyed the God, but now YOU-had-mercy-bestowed in-the disobedience of-these.

v31 Thus these also now disobeyed in-order-that by your mercy they themselves also might now have-mercy-bestowed.

v32 For the God shut-together all the (ones) with-reference-to disobedience in-order-that he-might-have-mercy (on) all the (ones).

v33 O depth of-God's riches and wisdom and knowledge; as unsearchable his sentences and untraceable his ways.

v34 For who came-to-know (the) mind of Jehovah? Or who became his fellow-counsellor?

v35 Or who gave-before to-him, and it-will-be-repaid to-him?

v36 Because out-of him and through him and with-reference-to him (are) the all-things; to-him (be) the glory with-reference-to the ages: Amen.

Most would say they are not grafted into the "petrified" group and that they are grafted into the choice - and I have said this also.

Now it seems to be clearer that Gentile believers are not grafted into the broken out group, but are grafted in AMONG [vs.17, ἐν en] the other (choice & petrified) branches. Gentile believers are also grafted into [vs.24, εἰς eis] the cultivated olive tree (the Messiah, the tree of Life).

The promises to both the choice and the petrified continue; the choice see Jesus as Messiah and are in the New Covenant relationship with him, the petrified are blinded by God so to not see Jesus as Messiah and continue in the Old (Sinai/Mosaic) Covenant relationship with YHVH as best as they are allowed to see. Both of these groups of Jews trust in God; again, the choice see Jesus as YHVH, the petrified do not see Jesus as their Messiah...they are "frozen in time" back to the cross in this unseeing state, and Rom.11:26 states they will (future) see Jesus as Messiah/YHVH. * * *

AND SO * * * the key change in my understanding is that we Gentile believers are grafted "into" the Messiah along with the Jewish Choice/believers in the one new man in Messiah, AND Gentile Christians are grafted in "AMONG" the "petrified" group of Jews.

In vs 11 we are told that the petrified/blinded have slipped but not fallen.

In vs 14 Paul desires to provoke to jealousy and save some of “his flesh”.

In vs 15 “the casting off of them” may refer to the blinded/petrified or the distrusting.

In vs 16 we are told that the lump is holy because the firstfruit is holy. Jesus is the firstfruit (1Cor.15:20). Again this is repeated as “if the root is holy, also the branches.” Again, the Root is Jesus (Rev.22:16).

In vs 17 SOME of the branches (of Israel) were broken out. Not “most of the branches”. We are not told that they are the petrified/blinded branches.

Gentile believers are grafted in among “them” and become a “fellow-partner of **the root of the fatness of the olive tree.

Romans 11:17 But if some of the branches were-broken-out, but you being (a) wild-olive-tree yourself-were-grafted-in AMONG them and you-became (a) fellow-partner of-the root (*and?) of-the fatness of-the olive-tree,

Textus Receptus 11:17

ει δε τινες των κλαδων εξεκλασθησαν συ δε αγριελαιος ων ενεκεντρισθης εν αυτοις και συγκοινωνος της ριζης και της πιοτητος της ελαιας εγενου

GNT Morph 11:17

ει δε τινες των κλαδων εξεκλασθησαν συ δε αγριελαιος ων ενεκεντρισθης εν αυτοις και συγκοινωνος της ριζης της πιοτητος της ελαιας εγενου

* “and” is in the Textus Receptus, it is not in the Nestle text. Marshall notes: “Some MMS insert και (and) here; as it is, the two nouns in the genitive must be in apposition; cf. Col.1:18, 2:2; John 8:44.”

It is either two things: “of the root AND of the fatness of the “olive tree

Or it is one thing: “of the root of the fatness of the olive tree”

I believe the latter reading is correct with the understanding that the root is Jesus.

What is the fatness of the olive tree? The trunk of the tree? Or the fruit? The oil/Holy Spirit? Jesus is firstfruit. Perhaps the Kingdom of the God/Heavens?

What is the olive tree? The body of the root?

Lots of questions!

** In Rev. 22:16, Jesus says he is the root and kindred of David. Compare Rom.11:18, Jn.15:1&5, and:

Col. 2:6 As therefore YOU-took-along the Messiah Jesus the Lord, YOU-be-walking-around with him,

v7 Having-been-and-still-rooted and being-built-up in him and being-made-firm in-the trust according-as YOU-were-taught, exceeding in giving-of-thanks.

In vs 20 we see that branches were broken out by the distrust.

In vs 22 indicates that the “ones having fallen” are the branches broken out in vs 17. Recall in vs11 that the blinded/petrified have slipped but have NOT fallen.

In vs 23 we learn that distrust is why they are fallen. They can be grafted back in.

Some branches are broken out of Israel by distrust in YHVH.The broken out branches have fallen. The blinded branches have not fallen.

Additionally, I believe that many branches are blinded/petrified to seeing Jesus as Messiah. These are not “disobedient” but blinded by God. They still are trusting in YHVH as much as they are allowed to see to do. While there is a darkness/lack of trust in Rabbinical Judaism regarding Messiah Yeshua, I don’t think they are broken out of Israel’s own olive tree. HOWEVER, Gal.4:21-5:1 says to cast out the maidservant/Hagar/Sinai Covenant and her son. And yet, Rom.11:26 states that “All Israel shall be saved”.

In vs 24 we find that Gentiles were “chopped away” out of a wild olive tree and grafted in into [εἰς eis] a cultivated olive. We also find that the broken out natural branches will be grafted in again to their own olive tree.

As the Root of verse 17 is Jesus (Rev.22:16), it follows that Israel’s “own olive tree” (the cultivated olive tree” is also Jesus, perhaps better understood as the trunk/body of the tree/Messiah. “Their own olive tree” is the Messiah: “Salvation is of the Jews” (Jn.4:22).

Verses 17 and 24 provide the distinction that we are grafted in [ἐν en] among the branches of Israel and we are grafted into [εἰς eis] the Messiah.

Thus the olive tree is NOT Israel, but rather the Messiah. "I myself am the vine, you the branches" (John 15:5).

Israel IS YHVH’s vineyard:

Isaiah 5:7a: For the vineyard [כֶּרֶם –Strongs H3754-kerem] of Jehovah of hosts is the house of Israel, and the men of Judah his pleasant plant [נְטַע –Strong’s H5194-neta *]:

*נְטַע – LXX: νεοφυτον – neothuton: a planting, a plantation.

Isaiah 5:7b:and he looked for justice, but, behold, oppression; for righteousness, but, behold, a cry.

LXX: Isa. 5:7b εμεινα του ποιησαι κρισιν εποιησεν δε *ανομιαν και ου δικαιοσυνην αλλα κραυγην

Apostolic Bible Polyglot: I waited for it to produce equity, but it produced *lawlessness and not righteousness, but a cry.

So here scripture confirms the darkness, or lawlessness of Israel. Jesus was and is the holy firstfruit (1Cor.15:20). Israel is made holy via the redemption-back provided by the holy root, Jesus (Rom.11:16), and this work of the cross of Yeshua is completed at Romans 11:26 – at his return/presence.

We do well to be careful not to confuse the olive tree root/trunk of Romans ch11 (i.e. Jesus Christ) with a vineyard of *ανομιαν – anomian (against law) and unrighteousness.

Gentile and Jewish believers in Jesus are one new man in Messiah (Eph.2:15). Jewish believers are natural branches, but Gentile believers are grafted in-among [εν - Strong's G1722 - en] the branches of Israel. Gentile believers don’t become Jewish, Jewish believers don’t become uncircumcised (1Cor.7:17-24). And now Gentile believers do become fellow partners of the root of the fatness of the olive tree. We are not to become partners of the blindness and disobedience of Israel, nor of the Mosaic Covenant.

Mysteriously, the One New Man is created among [εν- en, Rom.11:17] Israel and also alongside (2Cor.11:2) and into [εἰς –eis, Rom.11:24] and among [@ Eph2:15: εν - en] the Messiah:

2Corinthians 11:2 For I-am-being-jealous-(of) YOU with-a-jealousy of-God, for I-myself-joined YOU to-one man to-stand-alongside (a) pure virgin for-the Messiah;

In vs 25 we read that petrifaction on has come to pass and still is on part of Israel and that it is temporary.

In vs 26 we learn that when the temporary petrifaction (blindness) ends, “all Israel shall be saved.”

Apparently then, ALL the petrified/blinded of Israel will be saved.

On the other hand, the branches broken out by the distrust will only be grafted in again if/when they do not continue in the distrust.

“The distrust” appears to speak to the broken out Jews. “Petrifaction”, “petrified”, “eyes not to be looking” appears to speak to Jews that trust in YHVH, but have a veil over their hearts in regard to the New Covenant and Messiah Jesus.

2Corinthians 3:14 BUT their thoughts were-petrified. For until the today day the same covering is-remaining on the reading of-the old covenant, (it) not being-discovered that in Messiah it-is-being-rendered-inactive.

v15 BUT till today at-which-time Moses is-being-read (a) covering is-lying on their heart;

v16 But at-which-time if it(national Israel)-might-turn-around to Jehovah the covering is-being-lifted-from-around (it).

In vs 30 the distrust of vs23 appears as “disobedience”.

Perhaps the disobedient Jews blinded Jews that learn the truth about Jesus, but refuse out of a man-made hardness of heart to obey him.

Psalm 69:4 They that hate me *without a cause are more than the hairs of my head: They that would cut me off, being mine enemies wrongfully, are mighty:

That which I took not away I have to restore.

*without a cause- חִנָּם chinnâm, khin-nawm'; from H2580; gratis, i.e. devoid of cost, reason or advantage:—without a cause (cost, wages), causeless, to cost nothing, free(-ly), innocent, for nothing (nought), in vain. - gratuitously

Note especially, we are of the same root (Jesus @Rev.22:16), and compare with how the actual physical grafting process works. It is possible for a branch to be grafted into the trunk of a tree, but often the source tree will be cut off at the base and the new branches grafted into it. I'm NOT saying all Israel got cut off (!) but just seeing that we are grafted into the root/trunk, and not the branches. We are not grafted into the broken out branches, we are not grafted into the petrified branches, and we are not grafted into the choice branches. This distinction from my previous thinking (that we were grafted into the choice) may seem slight, but it very much helps me understand that Gentile Christians are in no way grafted into an Old Covenant relationship with YHVH, although we are grafted in AMONG the choice AND ALSO (possibly?) grafted in AMONG those that remain under the Mosaic Covenant -by God's choice of blindness (for now). I suspect that the "Torah Observant" Messianic believer that happen-chances upon this note will find this distinction to be most difficult to grasp/accept.

The distinction to understand is that we (Gentile Christians) are not grafted into[εἰς –Strong’s G1519-eis] but rather among [εν - Strong's G1722 - en] the other branches (Israel).

We are grafted into [εἰς –Strong’s G1519-eis] the root, the cultivated tree, i.e. Jesus/Yeshua. Jesus is the root of Jewish and Gentile Christians, and Jesus is the root of Israel. There may be a type/parable here of the body of the soul and the body of the spirit, or perhaps related to the spirit and the spiritual body (1Cor.15:44). But I can’t wrap my head around that just yet. The body of Messiah is a great mystery (Eph.5:30).

Now let’s split some hairs:

Gentile believers in YHVH Yeshua/Jesus are seed of Abraham now (Gal.3:29), and fellow-heirs of the promises to Abraham:

Galatians 3:29 But if YOU (are) of Messiah, so YOU-are seed of-the Abraham, heirs according-to promise.

Abraham was a Gentile, not a Jew. That might startle the Messianic. So here’s a link to an article from Chabad that is in agreement:

https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/2013020/jewish/Was-Abraham-Jewish.htm

(Although it does stray with goofy midrash things, this may be the only decent article by Chabad. Use cautious discretion at their website)

Abraham was a Hebrew הָעִבְרִי ha-ivree Strong’s H5680, or one that crossed-over from paganism to serve the one true YHVH Elohim. As seed of Abraham, Gentile believers are of Hebrew lineage. Perhaps these things may be what provokes even the secular Jewish-Hebrew seeds to jealousy: “I’m seed of Abraham. No, I’m not a descendent of Ishmael. No, I’m not Jewish. I’m a Gentile Hebrew Christian. I’m a priest after the order of Melchizedec. I’m a member of the body of Messiah.”

The first Israelite/Jew was Jacob, when his name was changed to Israel @Gen.35:10.

Romans ch11 details that Gentile Christians are NOT grafted into a relationship with YHVH via the Sinai/Mosaic Covenant - that is simply being a Gentile proselyte to Judaism as allowed under Mosaic Judaism. No! Our Salvation is the Graceful Gift of God, not of works:

Ephesians 2:8 For by-the favor YOU-are having-been-and-still-are-saved through trust; and this not out-of YOU, of-God the gift;

v9 Not out-of works, in-order-that some-one might not boast.

v10 For of-him we-are (a) thing-made having-been-created in (i.e. AMONG, εν - Strong's G1722 – en) Messiah Jesus on good works, to-which the God prepared-before (us?) in-order-that we-might-walk-around in them.

Note that our works (Jn.6:29, Mk.12:29-31)) are predestined. Christians in the one new man are a “thing-MADE”, created among [εν - Strong's G1722 – en, Eph.2:14], Messiah Jesus.

Israel is also seed of Abraham:

Isaiah 41:8 But thou, Israel, my servant, Jacob whom I have chosen, the seed of Abraham my friend

So Israel is the seed of Abraham…and they are still called “Israel” and “Jacob”.

Likewise Gentile Christians are the seed of Abraham and we are still remain “Gentiles” as we were called (1Cor.7:17). Our lineage goes through the Messiah in that one new man was a “thing MADE” among the Messiah. God “made up” our Hebrew genealogy. We need to be careful here not to appear as boasting.

I understand that many of the blinded Jews described in Romans ch11 could be “cut off”. We will further consider Galatians 4:21-5:1. However, as Romans 11:31 says that by our mercy, mercy is bestowed to them, I must chose to trust that God is merciful to us all. This is, after all, a great mystery. This is the power of the Melschizedec priesthood of the New Covenant. Among/alongside the Messiah, we can forgive and love.

Studying Ephesians chapter two will help (with God's help) your understanding of what is going on here and there, which is summed up as "ONE NEW MAN". The Choice of Israel are "called out" of Israel, which in turn was "called-out" of the nations. The ONE NEW MAN is made up of both Jew and called out Gentile believers. Historically, we come as we are, Jews remain Jews and Gentiles remain Gentiles (1Cor.ch7), but BOTH are really ONE NEW MAN IN MESSIAH; WE ARE MEMBERS OF HIS BODY (Eph.ch5).

Another help in hearing this word comes from Jesus' word: "I am the vine":

John 15:5 I myself-am the vine, YOU the branches. The (one) remaining in me, and-I in him, this (one) is-bringing much fruit; because separate-from me YOU-are not being-able to-be-doing anything.

Note in John 15 (spoken to Jews before the cross) even the fruit bearing branches "he is pruning" and those not bearing fruit "he is lifting up". Neither of these are "broken-out":

John 15:2 Every vine-branch in me not bringing fruit, he-is-lifting it up; and every (one) bringing the fruit, he-is-purging it in-order-that it-might-be-bringing much-more fruit.

There are branches broken out:

v6 Unless someone might-remain in me, he-was-cast without as the vine-branch, and it-was-dried-up, and they are gathering them together and they-are-casting into fire and it-is-being-burned.

In our mercy (Romans 11:30), we trust that with God, all things are possible, and that His ways are not our ways, and that He refines with fire.

Jesus is the singular "seed" of Abraham referred to in Gal.3:16

Galatians 3:16 But to-the Abraham the promises were-said and to-his seed. It-is not saying: and to-the seeds, as upon many, BUT as upon one: and to-your seed, who is Messiah. (compare Gen. 13:15; 17:8; 22:18)

There is also in this passage a reference to Plural seed:

Galatians 3:29 But if YOU (are) of Messiah, so YOU-are seed of-the Abraham, heirs according-to promise.

In order to have a better understanding of this mysterious olive tree in Romans 11, STUDY MUCH Ephesians ch 2 & 5, and study Romans ch 9,10, with chapter 11. Currently also understanding this as such: Perhaps in the tree of Romans 11 we see the distinction between the "friend of the bridegroom", "the bridegroom", and "the bride". The believing Jew and Gentile are ONE NEW MAN IN MESSIAH, and this MAN was created alongside the Jew (i.e. Israel, the Bride) that does not yet trust in Messiah Jesus:

John 3:29 The (one) having the bride is bridegroom; but the friend of-the bridegroom, the (one) having-stood-and-still-standing and hearing of-him, he-is-rejoicing with-joy because-of the voice of-the bridegroom, this therefore the joy namely-mine is-having-been-and-is-still fulfilled.

2Corinthians 11:2 For I-am-being-jealous-(of) YOU with-a-jealousy of-God, for I-myself-joined YOU to-one man to-stand-alongside (a) pure virgin for-the Messiah;

See Parashah Eikev for a little more on this relationship.

Romans 11:17 But if some of the branches were-broken-out, but you being (a) wild-olive-tree yourself-were-grafted-in AMONG them and you-became (a) fellow-partner of-the root (and?) of-the fatness of-the olive-tree,

NOTE again, most *Messianics and Christians likely teach that Gentiles are not grafted in among the broken out branches.

[*“Messianic” is a term derived from Μεσσίας – Messias, the Greek transliteration of the Hebrew word for Messiah, מָשִׁיחַ. “Christian” is derived from the Greek word Χριστιανός - Christianos. The Hebrew word מָשִׁיחַ – Mashiach, and the Greek word Χριστός - Christos, both mean “annointed”. I think Messianics call themselves –ironically and ignorantly - by a name derived from Greek because they don’t like the Greek association of “Christian”, and they didn’t think this out very well. Again, “Christ” is a correct translation; “Messianic” is a transliteration…oy! ]

v18 You-be not boasting-against the branches; but if you-are-boasting-against (them), you yourself-are not bearing the root BUT the root you.

v19 You-will-say therefore: Branches were-broken-out in-order-that I myself-might-be-grafted-in.

v20 Rightly: they-were-broken-out by-the distrust, but you yourself-have-stood-and-still-are-standing by-the trust. You-be not having-an-opinion-of high-things, BUT you-be-fearing-for-yourself;

Many do fear, not out of humility and awe, but out of a type of vanity...scripture doesn't say too much about Gentile Christians, and I think that because of a lack of acceptance of that (a lack of shalom from trust), Gentile Christians (especially Messianic) often try to identify as a Jew....which often amounts to just another type of replacement theology...when one begins to think they are superior to Jews that don’t see Yeshua as the Messiah.

In fact, ethnic Israel (Torah Observant denying Jesus) is a "beloved enemy" of Christians (A.K.A. Messianics!):

Romans 11:28 "On-the-one-hand enemies according-to the good-news because-of YOU, on-the-other-hand cherished (ones) according-to the choice because-of the fathers"

We correctly understand that all Israel will be saved - - and moreover, those blinded Jews will have more fullness than us (!):

Romans 11:12 But if their offence (is) riches of-(a)-world and their inferiority (is) riches of-nations, in-how-much more their fulness.

Romans 11:26 And thus all Israel will-be-saved, according-as it-has-been-and-still-is-written: The (one) delivering will-be-present out-of Sion, he-will-turn-back impiety from Jacob.

v27 And this (is) the covenant from me to-them, at-the-time-that I-might-remove-for-myself their sins.

Note God's timing: SOME disobedient Jews are broken out, believing Gentiles are grafted in. The "petrified" Jews are still under the Sinai Covenant, the believing Gentiles are grafted ~~into~~ AMONG the believing Jews (the CHOICE) and perhaps the blinded/petrified Jews. Both Jews and Gentiles that are BELIEVING/trusting (In Jesus) are made/created ONE new man in/among Messiah in the New Covenant. Later, YHVH Yeshua will (FUTURE) open the disbelieving Jews eyes and they will also enter the New Covenant relationship with YHVH (Jer.31:31). In the meantime...we Gentile believers provoke the blinded and the disbelieving Jews to jealousy (Rom.11:11).

Thus while gentiles believers are grafted in among the real spiritual Israel's covenantal relationship with YHVH, we are NOT grafted into the Sinai Covenant. The finish/goal, i.e. the work of Yeshua, of the Sinai Covenant was to GET INTO a spiritual relationship with YHVH: Christians GET INTO a spiritual relationship with YHVH - -THROUGH THE RENT VEIL - YESHUA'S FLESH. It is not possible to go back to the Sinai Covenant and "get a better look", or "a better seat". No one comes to the Father except THROUGH Yeshua. Hebrew Christians are now told to REST in Yeshua from the works of the Sinai Covenant:

Hebrews 4:3 "For we, the (ones) having-trusted, are-going-in into the rest, according-as he-has-said-and-still-says: As I-swore in my wrath; if they-will-go-in into my rest; and-yet of-the works having-been-come-to-pass from casting-down of-(a)-world."

So again, Gentile believers are NOT grafted into the petrified (for now) Israel. And certainly Gentile believers are not grafted into the broken-out disbelieving Israel.

For a believer in Yeshua the Messiah, the Sinai Covenant represents spiritual darkness:

Galatians 4:21 YOU-be-saying to-me, the (ones) willing to-be under law, are-YOU not hearing the law?
v22 For it-has-been-and-still-is-written that Abraham had two sons, one out-of the maidservant and one out-of the free-woman.
v23 BUT-on-the-one-hand the (one) out-of the maidservant has-been-and-is-begotten according-to flesh, on-the-other-hand the (one) out-of the free-woman through the promise.
v24 Which-things are being-allegorized; for these (women) are two covenants, on-the-one-hand one from mount Sinai, bearing with-reference-to slavery, one-who is Hagar.
v25 But the Hagar is mount Sinai in the Arabia; but it-is-being-in-line-together to-the now Jerusalem, for she-is-being-a-slave with her children.
v26 But the above Jerusalem is free, one-who is our mother;
v27 For it-has-been-and-is-still-written: You-be-made-merry, barren, the (one) not bringing-forth, you-rend-asunder and you-shout, the (one) not suffering-birth-pains, because many (are) the children of-the desolate more than of-the (one) having the husband.
v28 But YOU, brothers, are-yourselves children of-promise according-to Isaac.
v29 BUT as-altogether then the (one) having-been-begotten according-to flesh was-persecuting the (one) according-to Spirit, thus also now.
v30 BUT what is-saying the scripture? You-cast-out the maidservant and her son; for by-no-means will the son of-the maidservant inherit with the son of-the free-woman.
v31 On-this-account, brothers, we-are not children of-a-maidservant BUT of-the free-woman.

c5
v1 To-the freedom Messiah made us free; YOU-be-standing-firm therefore and YOU-be not being again held-in (a) yoke of-slavery.

Note vs 30: The scripture says to cast out the Sinai Covenant (the maidservant and her son). So we are not in fellowship with the Levitical Covenant/priesthood, much less Rabbinical Judaism. So while we are grafted among the branches of Israel that may include blinded/petrified branches – in the vinyard of Israel, moreover we are grafted into the Tree of life of Yeshua/Jesus, the holy firstfruit of the entire vinyard.

Romans 7:1 Or are-YOU-being-ignorant, brothers, for I-am-speaking to-(ones)-coming-to-know law, that the law is-exercising-lordship of-the MAN on as-long time as he-is-living?
v2 For the woman under-a-husband has-been-and-is-still-bound by-law to-the living husband; but if the husband might-die-off, she-has-been-and-is still-rendered-inactive from the law of-the husband.
v3 So therefore, while the husband (is) living, she-will-be-termed (an) adulteress if she-might-become to-(a)-different man; but if the husband might-die-off, she-is free from the law, she (will) not be (an) adulteress having-become to-(a)-different man.
v4 So-that, my brothers, YOU yourselves also were-put-to-death to-the law through the body of-the Messiah, with-reference-to YOU to-become to-(a)-different (one), to-the (one) having-been-raised out-of dead (ones), in-order-that we-might-bring-forth-fruit to-the God.

IF you trust in Jesus AND claim a need to follow the Sinai Covenant, you in fact commit spiritual adultery by "remarrying Hagar"...

Again, the issue/problem with Israel was not their "Torah Observance" quality or quantity, but their lack of Trust:

Romans 11:19 You-will-say therefore: Branches were-broken-out in-order-that I myself-might-be-grafted-in.

v20 Rightly: they-were-broken-out by-the distrust, but you yourself-have-stood-and-still-are-standing by-the trust. You-be not having-an-opinion-of high-things, BUT you-be-fearing-for-yourself;

v21 For if the God spared not of-the branches according-to nature, neither will-he-spare of-you.

Very important:

WE should note that when He (YHVH the Holy Spirit) says -"some" of the branches were broken out - that this dictates that "most of the branches were not broken out". So, in this thinking, then yes, we can be grafted-in AMONG the petrified that are not broken out. We are grafted-in among both the choice and the petrified, although SOME of the petrified MAY be broken out by a lack of trust (However, the distrusting/broken out appear to be different than the petrified/blinded in Rom. ch 11). It stands to reason that if those “dead in Messiah” (1Thes.4:16) are stood again with reference to trust in Jesus, that those that are blinded by God to seeing Jesus as Messiah will also trust (future) with reference to YHVH Yeshua Messiah.

Of course all of petrified Israel WILL be saved, and ALL of YHVH’s Sinai Covenant WILL be completed in ethnic Israel also.

Romans 11:25 For I-am not willing (for) YOU to-be-being-ignorant brothers, (of) this mystery, in-order that YOU-might not be prudent in yourselves, that petrifaction has-come-to-pass-and-still-is from part to-the Israeli, until of-which (time) the fulness of-the Gentiles might-come-in,

v26 And thus all Israel will-be-saved, according-as it-has-been-and-still-is-written: The (one) delivering will-be-present out-of Sion, he-will-turn-back impiety from Jacob.

v27 And this (is) the covenant from me to-them, at-the-time-that I-might-remove-for-myself their sins.

“from me to-them" - this is how the New Covenant works for the Jews (before and after the Cross) that do not accept Jesus/Yeshua as Messiah...keep in mind it is a mystery and they are petrified, i.e. they keep their "stony hearts" for a period of time until Jesus returns.

Understand that the New Covenant "cuts" both ways, forward and backward in time, and the blood of the Lamb, Yeshua, provides the ready condition of propitiatory "redemption-back" for those "dead in Messiah" also. They will look on him whom they pierced and mourn and repent and accept Jehovah Jesus Messiah as per Philippians 2:9-11, Romans 3:24-25, 1 Thessalonians 4:14-16.

Romans 3:24 "Being-justified gratuitously by his favor through the redemption-back namely-the (one) in Messiah Jesus;

v25 Whom the God himself-placed-before, (a) propitiatory through trust in his blood, with-reference-to (a) demonstration of-his justice because of the letting-go-unpunished of-the sinful-acts having-come-to-pass-before-and-still-existing"

Note vs. 24 "redemption-back" - ἀπολυτρώσεως -apolutroseos- and "propitatory" -ἱλαστήριον -hilasterion-

This is the “redemption-back” (ἀπολυτρώσεως - apolutroseos) power of our Propitiatory (ἱλαστήριον - hilasterion) Atonement, Messiah Yeshua. (understand this-Yeshua IS the Propitiatory...His sacrifice REMOVES our sin, and is not just a "covering" as was provided annually at Yom Kippur in the Levitical priesthood.)

[The following paragraph may need some clarification added here for "redemption-back" vs. "redeemed", in that Gentile Christians were never under the Mosaic law, and thus would not be "redeemed" from failure to keep the law. "Redemption-back" may primarily refer to THE redemption-back of Israel to their status at Mt. Sinai before the sin of the golden calf. (?)]

BUT ALSO: Redemption is a releasing or forgiving or redeeming action that goes to the beginning of that which caused the impure state to become: it isn't redemption just for sins after the cross, or that you just did, but rather also redeems you and others -even those already dead - from earlier sins. Thus, "redemption-back" translates the correct meaning. Those Old Testament observant Jews that were trusting in YHVH's Word that he would (future) send a Messiah to redeem them are ALSO "covered". Via “redemption-back”, Atonement (covering) is provided for them ALSO through the blood of the Lamb, Yeshua, our Propitiatory. However, they have not yet acknowledged Jesus is that YHVH Messiah Elohim (Phil 2:9-11) so they are not YET in sight of the throne (e.g. those under the altar, Rev 6:9). They will look on Him whom they pierced and mourn (Zech.12:10) and there will be a great conversion at their resurrection. In this, we may view them as "safe" in the Blood of the Lamb, but not yet "saved"....

In these things, we see the greater love of the Father in providing redemption - back to those that lived prior to the cross. Further, we may see a greater love in its presentation of the Gospel from the creation (i.e. the Gospel in the Stars, the Gospel in the Garden, the Gospel preached to Abraham (the Akedah), and so forth that all pointed to Jesus and that those trusting (Hebrews 11) in Jesus/Yeshua are already ~~resurrected~~ "alive" with him, just as those that "sleep in Jesus" (1Thes.4). That may be a difficult concept. Consider that Moses and Elijah appeared with Jesus before the cross in Israel.

1 Thessalonians 4:16 "Because the Lord himself with stimulating-cry, with voice of-an-archangel and with trumpet of God, will-descend from heaven, and the dead (ones) in Messiah will-stand-up-again-for-themselves firstly,"

@ the exacting Greek - note those that sleep in Jesus, come with Jesus:

1 Thessalonians 4:14 "For if we-are-trusting that Jesus died-off and he-stood-up-again, thus also the God will-lead with him the (ones) having-fallen-asleep through the Jesus."

"the dead (ones) in Messiah" - οἱ νεκροὶ ἐν Χριστῷ

"(ones) having fallen asleep through the Jesus" - τοὺς κοιμηθέντας διὰ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ

Note the different Greek words, hence different meanings designating different groups:

"the dead (ones) in Messiah" - inclusive of the souls under the alter @Rev.6:9. We see Jews are God's witnesses @Romans 3:2b because "they-were-trusted (with) the oracles of-the God."

"(ones) having fallen asleep through the Jesus" - inclusive of those @Rev.7:14 that have bodies and washed their stolees (robes) in the blood of the lamb (New Testament believers) and are in SIGHT of the throne. Because NO ONE come to the presence of the father except through Messiah Jesus (John 14:6), and so until the souls under the altar are resurrected (Ezk.37:4, 1Cor.15:52, 1Thess.4:16) and accept Jesus (which they will) they cannot be "in sight" of YHVH, so to speak.

Indeed, scripture says that the Jews that do not trust in Jesus will have more "fullness" than the Gentile believers:

Romans 11:12 "But if their offence (is) riches of-(a)-world and their inferiority (is) riches of-nations, in-how-much more their fullness."

National ethnic (and Torah Observant, Yeshua denying (petrified) Israel will look on him whom they pierced and mourn and repent and accept Jehovah Jesus Messiah:

Philippians 2:9 "and on-this-account the God exceedingly-exalted him and bestowed-a-favor to-him the name, namely-the-one above every name,

v10 In-order-that in the name of-Jesus every knee might-bend of-(those)-in-(the)-heavenly and of-(those)-earthly and of-(those)-subterranean,

v11 And every tongue might-acknowledge that Jesus Messiah (is) Jehovah with-reference-to glory of-God (the) Father,

Zechariah 12:10 And I will pour upon the house of David, and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the spirit of grace and of supplication; and they shall look unto me whom they have pierced; and they shall mourn for him, as one mourneth for his only son, and shall be in bitterness for him, as one that is in bitterness for his first-born.

*******

New Covenant, New Law, Forever:

Hebrews 8:7 For if that first (covenant) was faultless, (a) place was not being-sought of-a-second.

[Hebrews ch8 here quotes Jeremiah ch31, which I'll include:]

Heb. 8:8 For finding-fault with-them he-is-saying: Behold days are-coming, Jehovah is saying, and I-shall-finish-completely upon the household of-Israel and upon the household of-Judah (a) new-quality [καινήν] COVENANT [διαθήκη],

Jer 31:31 Behold, the days come, saith Jehovah, that I will make a new [חֲדָשָֽׁה] COVENANT [בְּרִית] with the house of Israel, and with the house of Judah:

Heb. 8:9 Not according-to the covenant which I-made to-their fathers in (a) day of-my having-taken-hold of-their hand to-lead them out-of (the) land of-Egypt, because they themselves remained not in my COVENANT, and I myself neglected of-them, Jehovah is-saying.

Jer. 31:32 not according to the COVENANT that I made with their fathers in the day that I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt; which my COVENANT they brake, although I was a husband unto them, saith Jehovah.

Heb. 8:10 Because this (is) the COVENANT which I-shall-myself-COVENANT to-the household of-Israel after those days, Jehovah is-saying, giving my laws [νόμους] into their intellect, and I-shall-inscribe them on their hearts, and I-shall-be to-them with-reference-to God and they themselves will-be to-me with-reference-to (a) people.

Jer. 31:33 But this is the COVENANT that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, saith Jehovah: I will put my law[תורתי - torah] in their inward parts, and in their heart will I write it; and I will be their God, and they shall be my people:

Heb. 8:11 And they-might not teach each (one) his citizen and each (one) his brother, saying: You-come-to-know the Lord, because they-will all know me absolutely (1Cor. 3:16) from little till great of-them.

Heb. 8:12 Because I-shall-be propitious to their unrighteousnesses, and of their sins I (by no means) might-be still mindful.

Jer. 31:34 and they shall teach no more every man his neighbor, and every man his brother, saying, Know Jehovah; for they shall all know me, from the least of them unto the greatest of them, saith Jehovah: for I will forgive their iniquity, and their sin will I remember no more.

Heb. 8:13 In saying new-quality he-has-made the first (covenant) old-and-it-is-still-old; but the (thing) being-made-old and growing-aged (is) near of-vanishing (ἀφανισμοῦ).

The Law - the NEW law of Messiah (Jn.15:12) - is now written in our hearts - we are an epistle of Messiah.

2 Corinthians 3:2 "YOU yourselves-are our epistle, having-been-written-and-still-written in our hearts, coming-to-be-known and being-read by all MEN,

v3 (Ones)-being-manifested that You;-are (an) epistle of-Messiah ministered by us, having-been-written-and-still-written not with-black-ink BUT with (the) Spirit of-(the)-living God, not in flat-tablets of-stone BUT in flat-tablets (of) fleshy hearts.

v4 But we-are-having reliance such-as-this through the Messiah toward the God.

v5 Not that we-are adequate from ourselves to-figure anything as out-of ourselves, BUT our adequateness (is) out-of the God,

v6 Who also made us adequate ministers of-(a)-new-quality covenant, not of-letter BUT of-spirit; for the letter is-killing, but the spirit is-making-alive."

1 Corinthians 3:16 "Are YOU not knowing absolutely that YOU are the sanctuary (ναὸς - naos) of the God, and the spirit of God is dwelling ( οἰκεῖ - oikei) in YOU?"

Hebrews 13:10 We-are-having (an) altar out-of which the (ones) serving to-the tabernacle are not having authority to-eat.

Forever....

John 6:29 "The Jesus answered and said to-them, This is the work of3

-the God, in-order-that you-might-trust with-reference-to whom that (one) dispatched.

and so, "The Just shall live by Trust." Hab.2:4b

Romans 1:16 For I-am not ashamed-of the good-news; for it-is (the) power of-God with-reference-to salvation to-everyone trusting, both to-Jew first and to-Greek.

v17 For justice of-God is-being-uncovered from heaven in it out-of trust with-reference-to trust, according-as it-has-been-and-still-is-written: But the just (one) will-himself-live out-of trust.

Mark 9:24b "I-am-trusting, Lord, you-be-helping of-me the unbelief."

Jude: v17 But YOU, cherished (ones), yourselves be-put-in-mind of-the sayings namely-the-ones having-been-said-before-and-still-said by the apostles of our Lord Jesus Messiah,

v18 That they said to YOU: On the last of-(the?)-time there-will-be mockers proceeding according-to their desires of-the impious-things,

v19 These are-they the (ones) of-the-soul, making-separations, not having (the) Spirit.

v20 But YOU, cherished (ones), building-up yourselves on YOUR most-holy trust, praying in (the) Holy Spirit,

v21 YOU-keep yourselves in charity of-God, welcoming the mercy of our Lord Jesus Messiah with-reference-to life eternal.

v22 And on-the-one-hand YOU-be-having-mercy (on) who (are) themselves-doubting

v23 Who on-the-other-hand YOU-be-saving seizing out-of fire, but who YOU-be-having-mercy (on) in fear and hating the tunic (chiton) having-been-spotted-and-still-spotted from the flesh.

v24 But to-the (one who) can guard them from-trippings and to-stand (them) unblemished in exultation completely-in-sight of his glory,

v25 To (the) only God our Saviour through Jesus Messiah our Lord glory, greatness, might and authority before all of-the age and now and with-reference-to all the ages: Amen.

1 John 1:4 And these (things) we ourselves are-writing in-order-that our joy might-be having-been-fulfilled-and-still-be-being-fulfilled.

v5 And the message which we-have-heard-and-still-hear from him and we-are-telling to-YOU is this, that the God is light and in him it-is not dark, not-one (bit).

v6 If we-might-say that we-are-having participation with him and we-might-be-walking-around in the darkness, we-are-lying and we-are not doing the truth;

v7 But if we-might-be-walking-around in the light as he himself is in the light, we-are-having participation with one-another and the blood of Jesus his son is-cleansing us from all sin.

v8 If we-might-say that we-are not having sin, we-are-leading ourselves astray and the truth is not in us.

v9 If we-might-be-confessing our sins, he-is trustworthy and just, in-order-that he-might-forgive for-us the sins and he-might-cleanse us from all unrighteousness.

v10 if we-might-say that we-have not sinned-and-still-sin, we-are-making him (a) liar and his word is not in us.

1John 2:1 My little-children, these-things I-am-writing to-YOU in-order-that YOU-might not sin. And if someone might-sin, we-are-having (an) advocate with the Father, Jesus Messiah (a) just (one);

v2 And he himself is (a) propitiation concerning our sins, but not concerning ours only BUT also concerning the total world.

Praise Yah!

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